Manajemen Proyek

Manajemen proyek adalah cara seseorang mengatur dan mengelola sumber daya yang diperlukan untuk menyelesaikan sebuah proyek. Orang yang mengelola proyek dikenal sebagai Manajer Proyek.

Proyek adalah bagian dari pekerjaan yang bukan merupakan proses atau operasi. Ia memiliki awal, akhir, dan tujuan. Proyek bisa sangat sederhana, seperti mengatur pesta, atau sangat kompleks, seperti membuat roket luar angkasa.

Proyek umum terjadi di industri konstruksi, industri telekomunikasi, dan industri TI.

Manajemen proyek membutuhkan keahlian khusus.

Manajer proyek harus memastikan bahwa proyek disampaikan dalam batasan yang ada. Keterbatasan ini dapat berupa waktu, biaya, orang, risiko, dan banyak lagi. Manajer proyek juga harus memastikan distribusi sumber daya sebaik mungkin.

Seorang manajer proyek bekerja terutama dengan orang-orang. Mereka perlu memiliki keterampilan manajemen orang, pemahaman yang baik tentang tugas dan keterampilan yang dibutuhkan pada suatu proyek, pemahaman tentang berapa lama tugas akan berlangsung, keterampilan pengorganisasian yang baik, keterampilan komunikasi yang baik, dan keterampilan efisiensi yang baik.

Manajer proyek tidak perlu mengetahui bagaimana melakukan semua pekerjaan yang mungkin diperlukan dalam suatu proyek. Misalnya, seorang manajer proyek bangunan tidak perlu mengetahui cara menuangkan beton. Namun, mereka perlu tahu bagaimana mengatur orang yang menuangkan beton, dan mereka perlu tahu berapa lama beton dituangkan, berapa biayanya, apa yang perlu dilakukan sebelum beton dituangkan, dan apa yang perlu dilakukan setelah beton dituangkan.

 

Types of Project Management

1. Waterfall Project Management: This is a traditional project management approach where the project is divided into phases, and each phase is completed sequentially. This approach is best suited for projects where the requirements are well defined and changes are unlikely.
2. Agile Project Management: This is an iterative and incremental approach to project management, where the project is completed in short iterations, called sprints. This approach is best suited for projects where the requirements are likely to change and there is a need for flexibility.
3. Scrum Project Management: This is a subset of agile project management that emphasizes on cross-functional teams, self-organizing teams, and a set of ceremonies, such as daily stand-up meetings, sprint planning, sprint review, and retrospective.
4. Kanban Project Management: This is another subset of agile project management that emphasizes on visualizing the work, limiting work in progress, and continuous delivery. The Kanban board is used to visualize the work, and the flow of work is managed by limiting work in progress.
5. Lean Project Management: This is a project management approach that emphasizes on eliminating waste, maximizing customer value, and continuous improvement. This approach is best suited for projects where the focus is on delivering value to the customer and improving the efficiency of the process.

Types of Project Management Software

There are various types of project management software available, each with its own features and capabilities. Here are some of the most common types:

1. Desktop project management software: This type of software is installed on a user's computer and can be used without an internet connection. Examples include Microsoft Project, Primavera P6, and OmniPlan.
2. Web-based project management software: This type of software is accessed through a web browser and is hosted on a cloud-based server. It can be accessed from anywhere with an internet connection and allows for easy collaboration among team members. Examples include Asana, Trello, and Basecamp.
3. Mobile project management software: This type of software is designed for mobile devices, such as smartphones and tablets, and allows users to manage projects on-the-go. Examples include Wrike, Trello, and Basecamp.
4. Open-source project management software: This type of software is freely available and allows users to modify and customize the software to suit their specific needs. Examples include OpenProject, Odoo, and Taiga.
5. Agile project management software: This type of software is designed specifically for agile project management methodologies, such as Scrum and Kanban. Examples include Jira, Agilefant, and Targetprocess.
6. Enterprise project management software: This type of software is designed for larger organizations and provides advanced project management features, such as resource management, portfolio management, and financial tracking. Examples include CA PPM, Planview, and Workfront.
7. Integrated project management software: This type of software combines project management features with other business functions, such as customer relationship management (CRM)^[1], accounting, and human resources. Examples include Zoho Projects, Smartsheet, and Teamwork.

Best Project Management Software^[2]

1. Asana: Asana is a web-based project management tool that allows users to create and manage tasks, track progress, and collaborate with team members in real-time. It offers a range of features, such as project templates, custom fields, and integrations with other tools.
2. Trello: Trello is a visual project management tool that uses a Kanban board to organize tasks. It allows users to create cards for tasks, move them across columns, and add comments and attachments. Trello offers a range of integrations and is available on desktop and mobile devices.
3. Jira: Jira is an agile project management software designed for software development teams. It offers features such as issue tracking, scrum boards, and sprint planning. Jira also integrates with other development tools, such as Bitbucket and GitHub.
4. Monday: Workforce Software Monday is designed to act as a cloud-based project management solution for small businesses across many industries. Monday's software helps companies manage different projects and share knowledge among their team members.
5. Basecamp: Basecamp is a web-based project management tool that focuses on communication and collaboration. It offers features such as message boards, to-do lists, and scheduling. Basecamp also includes a client portal for sharing project updates with clients.
6. Clickup: ClickUp is a wonderful business tool with a plethora of features even with the base plan. It is an all-in-one productivity software that reduces the workload of employees by many folds. It believes in only growth and thus, it brings teams together to plan, organize, and collaborate using tasks, docs, chats, kanban boards, and more. It covers almost every management, scheduling, and tracking tool under the hood.
7. Wrike: Wrike is a web-based project management tool that offers features such as task management, Gantt charts, and time tracking. It also includes collaboration features, such as real-time commenting and proofing. Wrike integrates with other tools, such as Salesforce and Google Drive.